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[Sam Gray]

Here’s my take on the actual engineering tradeoffs, since this is where a lot of the forum discussion goes off the rails. Lumen and hardware RT solve fundamentally different problems, and conflating them is the root of most confusion. Lumen is a software GI solution built on Unreal’s virtualized meshlets—it constructs a coarse hierarchy of simplified geometry (roughly a

"Audio-Technica ATH-R70x (470 Ohm) driven by Schiit Magni Heretic"

[Sam Gray]

Great topic to open the thread with. Let me lay out how I approach these three subtimings on my DDR5-6000 kit, because they’re often misunderstood as interchangeable when they actually serve very different purposes.

tRFC (tRFC4) is your refresh command time — the time the controller waits during a refresh cycle. Lowering it from the JEDEC default (often ~360+ nC) can yield real bandwidth and latency gains since you’re spending less idle time refreshing. I tune using the SBE (Single Bit Error) mode via TestMem5 patterns, dropping tRFC4 in ~16-32 nC steps until I hit an error, then backing off ~16 nC for a stable daily. On modern 24Gb chips you can often get tRFC4 down to ~250-280 range.

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